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Harvest - Reap what you sow.

 

 

 

11.00 is as many of you will have realised is coffee time at the castle. Ten minutes to catch up on blogs of friends and strangers. It never ceases to amaze me how apparently England has succumbed to the commercialisation of "Halloween" How many understand its history? How many who shy away from the supernatural, embrace the celebration of a byegone age. The self same people who would reject a seance or an evening with the Ouija board, ['Yes Board' in French], openly invite the spirits of the dead into their homes. What a pity that a more meaningful celebration on November 5th. pales into insignificance in many peoples minds.

 

The winter season of the ancient Celts. The Celts divided the year into four quarters: Samhain (winter), Imbolc (spring), Bel), and Lughnasadh (autumn). The Celtic year began in November, with Samhain. The Celts were influenced principally by the lunar and stellar cycles which governed the agricultural year - beginning and ending in autumn when the crops have been harvested and the soil is prepared for the winter. Samhain Eve, in Erse, Oidhche Shamhna, is one of the principal festivals of the Celtic calendar, and is thought to fall on or around the 31st of October. It represents the final harvest.
Bonfires played a large part in the festivities. Villagers cast the bones of the slaughtered cattle upon the flames. [The word bonfire is thought to derive from these "bone fires."].  With the bonfire ablaze, the villagers extinguished all other fires. Each family then solemnly lit their hearth from the common flame, thus bonding the families of the village together.  Like most Celtic festivals, it was celebrated on a number of levels. Materially speaking it was the time of gathering food for the long winter months ahead, bringing people and their livestock in to their winter quarters. To be alone and missing at this dangerous time was to expose yourself and your spirit to the perils of imminent winter. In present times the importance of this part of the festival has diminished for most people. From the point of view of a tribal people for whom a bad season meant facing a long winter of famine in which many would not survive to the spring, it was paramount. Samhain is also a time for contemplation. Death was never very far away, yet to die was not the tragedy it is in modern times. Of signal importance to the Celts people was to die with honour and to live in the memory of the tribe and be honoured at the great feast.

This was the most magical time of the year; Samhain was the day which did not exist. During the night the great shield of Skathach was lowered, allowing the barriers between the worlds to fade and the forces of chaos to invade the realms of order, the material world conjoining with the world of the dead. At this time the spirits of the dead and those yet to be born walked amongst the living. The dead could return to the places where they had lived and food and entertainment were provided in their honour. In this way the tribes were at one with its past, present and future. 
On the level of cosmic event, the rising of Pleiades, the winter stars, heralds the supremacy of night over day, the dark half ruled by the realms of the moon.

In the three days preceding the Samhain month the Sun God, Lugh, maimed at Lughnassadh, dies by the hand of his Tanist (his other self), the Lord of Misrule. Lugh traverses the boundaries of the worlds on the first day of Samhain. His Tanist is a miser and though he shines brightly in the winter skies he gives no warmth. and does not temper the breath of the Crone, Cailleach Bheare, the north wind. In this may be discerned the ageless battle between the light and dark and the cyclic nature of life and the seasons. In parts of western Brittany Samhain is still heralded by the baking of kornigou. Kornigou are cakes baked in the shape of antlers to commemorate the god of winter shedding his "cuckold" horns as he returns to his kingdom in the Otherworld. When the Romans made contact with the Celts, they added their feast of the dead to Samhain. The Christians subverted the recognition of Samhain to honor the saints, as All Saint's Day on November 1st and named October 31 as All Hallow's Eve. This latter became a secular holiday by the name of Hallowe'en. Although using different nomenclatures, all of these festivals and feasts are celebrating the accessibility, veneration, awe, and respect of the dead.

 

 Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

 

Then perhaps we should have another culture's view on the day !

 

 While the money-making and party-throwing opportunities of Halloween thrive across Asia, the festival also shines a spotlight on the region's profound relationship with the afterlife. From traditional markets to modern entertainment districts, major cities across Asia are looking to cash-in on "All Hallows' Eve." In Hong Kong, markets bulged with lanterns, masks, fake pumpkins and costumes that were quickly snapped up, while online game developers, cinemas and department stores splashed special offers and products in Seoul. Children in the Philippines trick-or-treated at the Manila home of former president Joseph Estrada, while in Beijing, Bangkok and Hanoi, the night of dressing up in disguise is simply seen as an expatriate party. Apart from the money to be made and the fun to be had, Halloween's celebration of the afterlife appeals to Asians' deeper relationship with the supernatural, said Hong Kong-based cultural commentator Nury Vittachi. "Ghosts are very big in Asian culture and there is a deeper understanding and interest in their place in society," "You can have a relationship with them, you can make friends with them. In the West, ghosts are nearly always bad things, but here they are on your side."

The Chinese Yue Lan, or Hungry Ghosts, festival falls just a few weeks before Halloween. Families mark the day with picnics at the graves of loved-ones, even setting them a place at the meal to ensure their happiness. Other rituals include burning gifts the ghosts may want. Modern offerings range from paper versions of iPods, designer suits and airline tickets to a representation of a domestic servant. Graves are swept and presents are even burned for ghosts who do not have relatives to look after them, for fear they may become angry. This trepidation about an avenging afterlife was perhaps most acutely seen in Thailand, where many locals said the souls of those killed in the 2004 tsunami haunted the coastline, driving away Asian tourists. However, this strong link to the afterlife can also cause tensions between traditional values and the growing popularity of Halloween. Lai Chi Tim, a professor in Chinese religions at the Chinese University of Hong Kong, said many Chinese are left bemused by the festival. "In Chinese religious traditions, it is not understandable why the ghosts have to become part of Halloween," he said. "The underworld is not a source of amusement. Chinese people believe that when you pass away, spirits are still living in this world." The bemusement can lead to suspicion. Vittachi recalled a story of students at Beijing University giving out invitations to a Halloween party, dressed in skeleton costumes. As they were trying to drum up business, they were questioned by police, who ordered them to stop, adding: "You cannot practice your religion here."

 Finally a Testament.. .  


"Contrary to what those who choose to persecute or lie about us wish to believe, Wicca is a very peaceful, harmonious and balanced way of thinking and life which promotes oneness with the divine and all which exists. Wicca is a deep appreciation and awe in watching the sunrise or sunset, the forest in the light of a glowing moon, a meadow enchanted by the first light of day. It is the morning dew on the petals of a beautiful flower, the gentle caress of a warm summer breeze upon your skin, or the warmth of the summer sun on your face. Wicca is the fall of colourful autumn leaves, and the softness of winter snow. It is light, and shadow and all that lies in between. It is the song of the birds and other creatures of the wild. It is being in the presence of Mother Earths nature and being humbled in reverence. When we are in the temple of the Lord and Lady, we are not prone to the arrogance of human technology as they touch our souls. To be a Witch is to be a healer, a teacher, a seeker, a giver, and a protector of all things. If this path is yours, may you walk it with honour, light and integrity.

Wicca is a belief system and way of life based upon the reconstruction of pre-Christian traditions originating in Ireland, Scotland, and Wales. While much of the information of how our ancestors lived, worshiped and believed has been lost due to the efforts of the medieval church to wipe our existence from history, we try to reconstruct those beliefs to the best of our ability with the information that is available. Thanks to archaeological discoveries, we now have basis to believe that the origins of our belief system can be traced even further back to the Paleolithic peoples who worshipped a Hunter God and a Fertility Goddess. With the discovery of these cave paintings, estimated to be around 30,000 years old, depicting a man with the head of a stag, and a pregnant woman standing in a circle with eleven other people, it can reasonably be assumed that Witchcraft is one of the oldest belief systems known in the world today. These archetypes are clearly recognized by Wiccan as our view of the Goddess and God aspect of the supreme creative force and predate Christianity by roughly 28,000 years making it a mere toddler in the spectrum of time as we know it.

Witchcraft in ancient history was known as "The Craft of the Wise" because most who followed the path were in tune with the forces of nature, had a knowledge of Herbs and medicines, gave council and were valuable parts of the village and community as Shamanic healers and leaders. They understood that mankind is not superior to nature, the earth and its creatures but instead we are simply one of the many parts, both seen and unseen that combine to make the whole. As Chief Seattle said; "We do not own the earth, we are part of it." These wise people understood that what we take or use, we must return in kind to maintain balance and equilibrium. Clearly, modern man with all his applied learning and technology has forgotten this. Subsequently, we currently face ecological disaster and eventual extinction because of our hunger for power and a few pieces of gold.

For the past several hundred years, the image of the Witch has been mistakenly associated with evil, heathenism, and unrighteousness. In my humble opinion, these misconceptions have their origin in a couple of different places. To begin, the medieval church of the 15th through 18th centuries created these myths to convert the followers of the old nature based religions to the churches way of thinking. By making the Witch into a diabolical character and turning the old religious deities into devils and demons, the missionaries were able to attach fear to these beliefs which aided in the conversion process. Secondly, as medical science began to surface, the men who were engaged in these initial studies had a very poor understanding of female physiology, especially in the area of a women's monthly cycles. The unknowns in this area played very well with the early churches agenda lending credence to the Witch Hunters claims and authority. The fledgling medical professions also stood to benefit greatly from this because it took the power of the women healers away giving it to the male physicians transferring the respect and power to them.

Unfortunately these misinformed fears and superstitions have carried forward through the centuries and remain to this day. This is why many who follow these nature oriented beliefs have adopted the name of Wicca over its true name of Witchcraft to escape the persecution, harassment and misinformation associated with the name of Witchcraft and Witch not to mention the bad publicity the press and Hollywood has given us simply to generate a profit. We do not sacrifice animals or humans because that would violate our basic tenant of "Harm None." Anyone who does and claims to be a Wiccan or a Witch is lying. Pagans see the divine not in one god but in all of nature and in simple, personalised rituals, they worship its mysteries.

Being a pagan in 21st century Britain is nothing to do with black cats and magic. Not all pagans are practising wiccans, and those who want to put a hex on an enemy always bear in mind the Law Of Return -anything you put out you get back threefold. In many ways the pagan path is a natural progression for anyone who cares about ecological issues and is disaffected with conventional religions. It's gentle, keeps you in tune with the rhythms of the landscape, and encourages individual responsibility."

                                                  Blessed be

OCTOBER.


N
OW the dull and lazy hours
Steal away, through clouds and showers, 
Sol, another path has found,
By the south he wheels around; 
And the vapours that arise
Float betwixt the earth and skies, 
And the withered leaves are strown 
Where the sullen wind hath blown,
And the beast stands on the lea 
Lowing for the eve of day,
For the fields are cold and bare,
And fragrance breathes no longer there.

    Or if southern gales attend, 
Dripping rains no more descend,
Then the robin sings his lay 
Fraught with pensive melody; 
Last of all the feathered race, 
He the waning year doth grace, 
Like a true and tender friend 
Still consoling to the end.

    Chilling winds, from ocean's strand, 
Breathe across the mourning land, 
Bringing tidings, as they fly,
That the herbs and flowers shall die. 
Winter comes behind to spoil 
Those that linger yet awhile
In the nook, where sunny rays 
Longest dwell on shining days; 
Where the waving fern doth grow, 
Where the air blows soft and low, 
Where the pendant 'bines descend 
By rills whose murmurs never end.

    O'er the moorlands, wide and lone, 
Comes a deep and boding tone, 
Reynard coil'd, within his den, 
Hears afar the cry of men,
And the poor beleagured hare 
Pants within her wildered lair, 
And the bird, with broken wing, 
Dies in unknown suffering,
All to sport the lord who reigns 
O'er the waters and the plains, 
As if it, indeed, were joy
Thus to torture and destroy.
Oh, would man but deign to know 
Mercy's mild and noble glow, 
Surely he would not distress 
Beings he doth never bless.
Let the eagle tear its prey, 
Leave the dog and fox at bay; 
And uplift thine eye of pride 
Where thine own oppressors bide.

 

 

                   SAMUEL BAMFORD  1788-1872

TRAFALGAR DAY

 

 TRAFALGAR  DAY

  

    21st OCTOBER 1805

 

 

 

 

     “England expects every man to do his duty.”

 

 

 BattleTrafalgar-Stuart

THE BATTLE SCENE             

 

  

Lord Nelson was struck by a musket ball fired by a French sniper and fell, fatally wounded. Today we celebrate a turning point in this countries history, but let us also commemorate those who died in the English, Spanish and French Fleets.

 

 

  Trafalgar-DeathNelsonCC

THE DEATH OF LORD NELSON

 

A French report: "Our victory was now complete, and we prepared to take possession of our prizes; but the elements were unfavourable to us...the gale abated, thirteen of our fleet got safe to Cadiz; the other twenty have, no doubt, gone to some other port.... Our loss was trifling.... However we lament the absence of Admiral Villeneuve, whose ardour carried him beyond the strict bounds of prudence...."

 

Villeneuve had committed suicide to escape the wrath of Napoleon.

 

***************************************************************************************

 

 

HMS VICTORY had a crew of 820 men commanded by Captain Thomas Masterman Hardy. There were 9 Commissioned Officers, 21 Mishipmen and 77 Non-commissioned Warrant and Petty Officers, the rest of the crew comprised of Able and Ordinary Seaman, Landsmen, supernumeries and 31 boys. Also within this complement was a detachment of 146 Royal Marines from the Chatham Division, commanded by Captain Charles Adair. Apart from the 700 English, Irish, Scots and Welsh, 18 different nationalities were represented on the Victory, at the Battle of Trafalgar.
She suffered some of the worst casualties of the Allied Fleet at the battle with 57 of her crew killed or dying of their wounds a few days later, and a further 102 wounded

 

They got the guns ready for action,
And that gave 'em trouble enough,
They 'adn't been fired all the summer
And touch-holes were bunged up wi' fluff

Joe's cannon it weren't 'alf a corker,
The cannon balls went three foot round,
They wasn't no toy balloons neither,
They weigh'd close on sixty-five pound.

Joe, selecting two of the largest,
Was going to load double for luck,
When a hot shot came in thro' the porthole,
And a gunpowder barrel got struck.

By gum! there weren't 'alf an explosion,
The gun crew was filled wi' alarm,
As out of the port-hole went Joseph,
Wi' a cannon ball under each arm.

At that moment up came the 'Boat-swine',
He says 'where's Joe?'
Gunner replied "E's taken two cannon balls with 'im,
And gone for a breather outside. '

'Do y'think he'll be long?' says the 'Boat-swine',
The gunner replied 'If as 'ow,
'E cornes back as quick as 'e left us,
'E should be 'ere any time now.'

And all this time Joe, treading water,
Was trying 'is 'ardest to float,
'E shouted thro' turmoil of battle,
'Tell someone to lower a boat.'

'E'd come to the top for assistance,
Then down to the bottom 'e'd go;
This up and down kind of existence,
Made ev'ryone laugh except Joe.

At last 'e could stand it no longer,
And next time 'e came to the top,
'E said 'If you don't come and save me,
I'll let these 'ere cannon balls drop.'

'T were Nelson at finish who saved him
And 'e said Joe deserved the V.C.,
But finding 'e 'adn't one 'andy,
'E gave Joe an egg for 'is tea.

And after the battle was over,
And vessel was safely in dock,
The sailors all saved up their coupons,
And bought Joe a nice marble clock

 

 - http://www.historikorders.com/trafalgarthevictory.htm

 

 

TO AUTUMN

 

 

 O Autumn, laden with fruit, and stain'd

 With the blood of the grape, pass not, but sit

Beneath my shady roof; there thou may'st rest,

 And tune thy jolly voice to my fresh pipe,

 And all the daughters of the year shall dance!

Sing now the lusty song of fruits and flowers.

 

 "The narrow bud opens her beauties to

The sun, and love runs in her thrilling veins;

 Blossoms hang round the brows of Morning,

 and Flourish down the bright cheek of modest Eve,

 Till clust'ring Summer breaks forth into singing,

And feather'd clouds strew flowers round her head.

 

 "The spirits of the air live in the smells

 Of fruit; and Joy, with pinions light, roves round

The gardens, or sits singing in the trees.

" Thus sang the jolly Autumn as he sat,

 Then rose, girded himself, and o'er the bleak

Hills fled from our sight; but left his golden load.

 WILLIAM BLAKE   [1757 - 1827]

 

american civil war in Lancashire.

ILLUSTRATED LONDON NEWS
29th November, 1862
 
LANCASHIRE DISTRESS AND RELIEF ORGANISATION.
MANCHESTER.

(From our own Correspondent.)


I am now in a position to enter pretty fully into the organisation for the relief of the distressed operatives at Manchester. I will commence by stating what is being done by the guardians. Manchester, with a population of 332,000, is divided into three unions. The Township Union contains 190,000 people. The value of the property on which the rate is assessed is £850,000. The rate laid in June last for the whole year was 3s. 8d. in the pound, and it is expected that another rate of 1s. 6d. at least must be raised to carry the guardians through the year. Out of this population 12,311 cases are now in receipt of outdoor relief, representing 31,285 persons; 3443 received indoor relief: in all, 34,428. Without specifying in particular this union, I think I shall be correct in saying that, throughout the unions of Manchester and Salford, the relief granted by the guardians amounts to 1s. 6d. per head per week. The workhouses generally are full of those old stereotyped cases of pauperism for whom the picking of oakum is a worthy employment; but many of the better class are removed to Crumpsal, where some 1000 or 1200 may be seen reducing a farm of fifty acres to a state of Belgian tillage. The labour-test has for the most part, however, given way to public opinion. A different test is sought to be established. Several schools for adult recipients of relief have been established. In Jersey and Bengal streets two are to be found containing 1200 men, who receive relief on condition that they attend. Besides this, the guardians very properly recognise the schools established by masters in their mills, and are willing to regard attendances there as work done. I visited one school or sewing-class of this kind at the Phoenix Mill, St. Jude's parish, where 160 women and girls above sixteen years of age received 2s. 6d. a week, the relief committee adding 1s. 2d., or at least so much as brought the sum total to 3s. 4d. With regard to the children, no advantage has been taken as yet of Denison's Act. The school pence are paid by private individuals in many cases, but not by the guardians.
 
     I now come to the operations of the Central, Executive, and Local Relief Committees. The two first particularly undertake to collect money, to receive money and clothing transmitted from various parts, and to see to the distribution of these to the local committees throughout the suffering districts of the county. Of the executive committee Lord Derby is chairman. Over the general committee the Mayor of Manchester presides, with J. W. Maclure, Eq., for hon. secretary. The total of the Manchester subscription amounts to about £75,000. The Cotton Districts Relief Committee grants £12,000 monthly; the Liverpool Operatives Relief Fund Committee grants £6000 monthly; while from other sources some £90,000 have flowed in to the fund administered at Manchester. It is also necessary to notice a collecting committee, recently appointed, to whose strenuous canvass a considerable amount of the increased supply of means is due. The general committee now meets in the warehouse lent by Earl Ducie. The ground floor is used for the reception and dispatch of parcels of clothing, which arrive in large quantities from all parts of the kingdom. These are carried to an upper floor, where they are opened, sorted, and repacked. Each bale contains an equal number of articles; and as the clothing is granted to the local committees in bales nothing remains but to take the number required from the heap in reply to an order. Some ninety packages arrive every day, and, as about 25 people are employed in packing and unpacking, the scene, as shown in last week's Issue, is necessarily a busy one.
 

This general committee has nothing to do with individual relief. This is intrusted to local committees. So far as Manchester and Salford are concerned, advantage has been taken of the staff of the District Provident Society. From the report of this institution, which was established in 1833, I find that it had originally two functions:—First, that of an inquiry office, to which cases of mendicity were referred by its subscribers for investigation; secondly, it act as a penny bank. It rarely gave relief, but "sent back each case, with the ascertained facts, to the subscribers who had initiated the inquiry." As a banking establishment it took charge, at fifteen offices throughout the town, of the small savings of the poor. Here was a body of managers and a staff of visitors, with an energetic secretary in Mr. James Smith. The usual business having fallen off in consequence of the distress, the managers, "while not abandoning their annual subscription of £400 to £500," offered to undertake the distribution of any loan which might be intrusted to them. The result is that nearly the whole relief of Manchester is now administered by this body, which, without any canvassing, has received £15,000 to mitigate this distress, and about £10,000 additional from the central fund. The society professes now to have completed its organisation. A perfect network has been improvised. This large community is divided into seventeen districts, with their several committees, all acknowledging the headship of the committee of the Provident Society, under the presidency of the Bishop of Manchester. Some of its most influential members are J. Heywood, Esq., M.P.; Messrs. S. Fletcher, W. Langton, E. Lloyd, T. H. Birley, Oliver Heywood, and Herbert Philips. On the local committees are to be found one representative from each religious body, millowners, tradesmen, and mill-overlookers. The utmost catholicity is thus preserved. The work of visitation is intrusted to paid agents; but, deeming this insufficient, the committee visits as well. Millowners, clergymen of all denominations, all people of influence whatever throughout Manchester, are supplied with forms, to be filled in with the names of those who may apply for relief or be sought out and found to require it. These forms are forwarded to the office of the society in John Dalton-street. The secretary at once transmits the form concerning A. by special messenger to C., the committee of the district where A. resides. A. is looked up at once, and a relief-ticket is granted, bearing a specified number, and the original form containing all particulars with respect to A. is returned to the office, a like number being attached to it. When the turn for A.'s district to receive relief comes, he presents his ticket at the pay office, finds his relief already calculated according to scale, and receives coloured cards for the amount in meal, and bread, and soup. Suppose I give an example: —District A 1, E. W., aged fifty-two, washes, five children; total family, six; total earning, 4s. 6d.; parochial relief, 4s.; society's relief, 3s. 4d. in tickets. Again: S. and J. C., age, thirty-five; number of children, four; total, six; guardians' relief, 0; society's relief, 3s. And, be it remembered, that the relief of the society in kind exceeds the nominal sum in value. In 3s. the recipients gain about 6d. Every recipient of relief also obtains, without application, a grant of coals, and, I believe, of clothing. On another page will be found the store or shop at which these poor people exchange their tickets for food. Upon these tickets the dealer, of course, claims repayment of the society. Last week were given views of the Friends' Soup Kitchen to which the Provident Society commissions its devouring army, and full particulars were given concerning the quantities consumed. I may repeat, however, that it is sold below cost price. This society takes personal oversight of about 4000 families which do not come within these districts. For the purpose of dealing efficiently with these an old mill in Garden-lane was taken five months since, and there I found depot for clothing, the working offices of the committee, and sewing-schools. The appeal for clothes had been well responded to, but, on the day I visited the place not a remnant of the stock remained. Two days earlier, and I should have found the apartments full.
    The committee had been clearing the warehouses of unsalable goods at cheap rates and obtaining gifts of blankets, &c., and such was the stock I saw. "This week," said the secretary to me, "we have expended £5000 in clothing, but it will all be gone in ten days." I wish I could stop to dwell on the distribution scene, but the pencil-picture of it on another other page is much more striking than any word-picture I could give. Fancy, however, must lend to the faces their careworn and grateful expression. The people are full of gratitude; and if I here say that one happy result of this calamity will be the blending of classes, and the lesson to the lower class concerning the affectionate regard entertained for them by the higher classes, the remark will not be out of place. The sewing-school here established contains 152 young women, who read, write, and work by turns. The needles are employed for the most part on the new material; but the inmates are also allowed to mend their own clothes. The ladies who manage the class have arranged to give the girls a meal at noon for 1d. The constituents of this potatoes; meat, onions, dripping, pepper and salt—cost (without fuel and plant) from 13s. to 14s. a day, so that it may be called a self-paying concern. The girls work five days a week, and receive 3s. 4d. This old mill may, therefore, be imagined a scene of constant activity, and deserves a fuller description than I can now pretend to give. Before I pass from the operations of this society, I must not omit to say that each district has its sewing-classes, giving employment to 500 or 700 girls, who receive 3s. 4d., a penny dinner, and some elementary teaching. A company of twelve is usually draughted out of each class for housework. They cook the noon meal and keep the apartments clean. Everything is thus done for the comfort of the girls, and for their instruction in arts of which they are so lamentably ignorant. These classes are generally held in the mills: they are perfectly unsectarian; the spirit that pervades them is excellent and the young women recognise with lively gratitude the efforts which are being made for their comfort and instruction. Several of them were visited by me. On questioning the inmates, I found that they had been accustomed to receive from 7s. to 12s. a week, and were doing their best to make the most of the present scanty pittance. It is difficult to say what numbers are thus being cared for, for this movement has not long begun and school and sewing-classes are daily rising up in all parts of the city and its suburbs.
 
This, then, is the agency for the relief of the Manchester poor. It is not perfect, for it is constantly expanding; but it is as complete as can be expected, and the public may well repose confidence in it. Some few parishes, however, have not made themselves amenable to the Provident Society. I introduce here the last weekly statement, to Nov. 17, of one of these—St. Jude's—by way of example :—Heads of families relieved, 1143; individuals, 3438; sewing-class, 160 young women. Cost of provisions distributed—Bread, £43 2s. 5d.; groceries, £12 10s.; soap, £5; potatoes, £24; coal, £8; payments to staff, 16s.: total, £93 8s. 5d. Weekly collections—Firms within the parish £33; collected by members of the committee within the parish, £4; grant from central committee, £240; Lord Mayor's committee, £150; other sources, £1: total, £428. Some parishes refuse to unite with the society because they prefer to uphold the sectarian spirit.
   So far as I can understand, the religious bodies of Manchester are rather behind those of other places in devising means for the support of their own poor. Now, however, they are waking up and doing much to clothe and feed the destitute. Their appeals have been well responded to, and the help sent is, so far as I can learn, carefully expended. In justice to those most accustomed to rely on the voluntary principle, I must add that they not only know how to ask, but how to give. Amongst the most successful efforts to relieve distress is that made by a merchant's clerk, a young gentlemen of the name of Birch. During the early part of this cotton famine Mr. Birch became the almoner of a nobleman. The sum intrusted to him was £40 a week, and in looking about for fitting recipients of it he seems to have been struck with the idea of sewing-schools as the best means of saving the over-tempted female mill-hands, and determinately threw himself with a simpler faith and without money into this service. I say without money, because he would not appropriate the £40 to it. He collected some fifty of his helpless clients at the Hulme Working Men's Institute, engaged a matron, and set them to work. It was with difficulty he succeeded in begging the money to pay the 3s. 4d. each at the close of the first week. The hit was popular, his class was increased the following week to 107. A touching appeal in a Manchester print enabled him to discharge the duties of paymaster with honour, but the doors of the institute were besieged with applicants for admission. Numbers soon increased to 700; still he was supplied with money, and various church and chapel Sunday schoolrooms were placed at his disposal. In all, at the present time, there are thirteen schools thus occupied five days a week, and an aggregate of 2800 souls. Mr. Birch has raised £4107, his weekly expenditure is now £400, and at the close of the week ending Nov. 15, he had only a balance sufficient to pay for two days! This effort of a genuine faith has been encouraged from the Lord Mayor's Fund, the Central Relief Fund, and is, I believe, receiving the support of the guardians. The class assembled in Dr. Munro's school I visited: 344 young women were working there, while ladies were reading to them. Two-thirds of them were Roman Catholics, and consequently the books read were sectarian. The needles are employed upon old clothes and new material. The products of this industry are sold to pay wages. The sales last week amounted to £81. Success is written in the boldness of this dashing movement.
 
  While speaking of Hulme, I must mention the institute for men, supported by the Township Relief Committee. An old mill with three floors has been lent for the purpose, where about 400 men are congregated to read and write from nine to six o'clock five days a week, under proper teachers. Two meals a day are provided for them on the foundation floor, while on the two others, supplied with tables and educational requisites, they polish their wits, and chat and smoke in leisure hours. The windows are festooned with coloured calico, the whole building is warmed and lighted, musical instruments are lent by gentlemen, lectures are delivered every evening, and one evening no even a week is given to music, songs, recitations, and drollery. These men are all in the receipt of relief. I mingled freely with them, and found the best spirit to pervade them. Their docility and respect is very touching. The old hard, insolent manner seems to be quite softened down. Their teachers are looked upon with great affection. I spoke with them as to the effect the affliction might have in opening their eyes to the possibility of finding delight in something besides a large tale of work and high wages, in giving them a taste for the refined pleasures of intellectual life, and my remarks met with much concurrence. There are other schools of this kind, but I mention this as the best I saw.

    I have now noticed all that is being done in the cause of the distressed operatives of Manchester with means drawn from the public purse and set forth in subscription lists. In addition, private and hidden streams are flowing from the masters of silent mills to their suffering workpeople. Some correspondents have doubted whether instances of this sort of benevolence are numerous. I only know that it would be on easy matter for me to fill up the page with the recital of them, but this is impossible. There are plenty of cases in which, though the mill is stopped, the hands are receiving £20, £30, £40, and £50 a week, in kind or cash, and many where the whole mill staff is kept off the rates or the fund. The efforts put forth at the Chorlton and Sterling mills afford noble examples of this fact, and must on some other occasion receive more notice. The Reading-class in the latter is pictured on another page. These private acts do not reveal themselves; they spring from men who are doing only what they feel to be right, and who object on this ground to be held in the public eye. Several milliners have said to me, "You may come and see what I am doing, but only on condition that you mention no names." The fact that the workpeople are contented and grateful possesses a significance as yet imperfectly appreciated. That the operative class can rise at the cry of injustice is shown clearly enough by the late riot at Blackburn.
 
 Considerable doubt is expressed lest relief, coming to the poor from so many independent sources, should be abused. The thorough-going, regular pauper is in clover; there can be no question about that, He looks with pleasure as rank upon rank from the industrious population fall to his level. Little chance is there, however, of families obtaining more than 2s. a head, so well are the cases investigated. The guardians set their faces very resolutely against one device which is employed to increase receipts—I mean the breaking up of families; the boys and girls going into lodgings so that they may claim separate relief. But in Manchester this is not found to be the great difficulty. The people, as a rule, had rather starve than ask relief, and they are in more danger of starving than of living riotously upon the proceeds of imposition. House-to-house visitation sets the sceptic right on this point in very quick time. I have made my observations on these families in all their stages, even to those where death was within a few steps waiting to close the hard but unsuccessful struggle for life. Such a morning's work entails an empty pocket so surely as it is undertaken, for one cannot withstand the intense pleading of silent want. Halfpence will drop out into little famished hands, and shillings into the arms of mothers who weep over the sufferings of the children from whose cheeks the roses have fled long since. Yet I never once was asked for charity, and the district visitor must use the query cleverly if he will probe the wound. I will take two or three cases from my notebook, by the help of which the touching scenes portrayed by the artist will be better realised. One house I went into contained a family of seven. They had been accustomed to earn 27s. 6d., and now obtained from all sources less than 2s, a head, and they had 1s.6d. to pay for rent. They were occupying two rooms only, the bedding had all disappeared, and they lay on the bare bedstead at night, huddled together, without removing their ragged clothes. Again: a man and wife, with eight children. The husband's parochial relief, 7s. 6d.; from the relief fund, 3s. 6d. and one cwt. of coal. Out of this 11s. a week 1s. 6d. should be paid for rent, and the remainder is left to support a family which has been accustomed to 45s. Again: a family of seven. The husband is sickly, two boys earn 5s., no parish relief, the relief fund affords 5s. They have been accustomed to 37s. weekly. The rent is 2s. 1d. The boys are hearty. "What is there," as the poor mother said, "on which they can exercise their appetites?" Again: a family of eleven; parish. relief, 8s. 6d.; from committee, 6s.; rent, 3s. They have been out of employ forty-one weeks, and have never received more than 16s. a week. I asked how they had managed to exist, and was told that the 65s. per week which they did earn formerly helped them to occupy a nice house, to stock it with new furniture, to lay up a little in the bank, and to buy a share in some co-operative concern. First the deposits were drawn front bank, then some of the superfluous furniture was sold, then the share so proudly held was relinquished, and after that the course had been one of rather rapid descent. Before this family came upon the ratepayers they had expended property of their own to maintain the policy of the country with regard to the American States amounting to £30. I might extend the catalogue, but there is no need for it. We may as well stop with this last instance, which affords so true a picture of the operative classes, and the losses they have personally sustained before they have allowed themselves to fall upon public charity. If we take the pressure of this great calamity upon the population of Manchester alone, and estimate its value in money, we may easily calculate that the rate which has been borne has not been simply one of 3s. 8d. in the pound, but one more nearly approaching 15s., and this at a time when the huge capital invested in the cotton manufacture has been lying idle. It may be that some millowners are not doing their duty and that cases of imposition occur, but we do not forbear to feed the fowls because the sparrows pick a few kernels of the handfuls we cast to them.

 

 

 


 

 

American dream, American nightmare

It was in August 2005, in the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina, that TV viewers around the world first started to question whether America was truly a great nation anymore.Days after the winds had subsided, footage showed the homeless, the destitute and disabled gathered around the partly-flooded New Orleans Superdome begging for water while armed National Guardsman ignored them in their hunt for looters.

How can this be?


Many asked how it can be that the richest nation the world has ever seen, which put man on the moon, which has a standing military of 2.3 million troops and reservists, which created the microchip revolution, and has for half a century dominated global commerce; how could this country not bring bottled water to its weak and vulnerable in their time of need?These shocking pictures brought a human face to the statistics that have long baffled Europeans: that 56 million Americans, 18% of the population, have no access to affordable medical care; that life expectancy, education and poverty in large swathes of the inner cities and rural south are worse than in parts of central America or the Balkans, yet alone long-embargoed Cuba.

The invisible nation within


It is almost as if within the USA, there is an underdeveloped country, held within invisible borders, in areas where the comfortably off do not go. This forgotten nation of tens of millions of people, many black or Hispanic, some recent immigrants but most not, live in a shadow that no light from Hollywood illuminates. Their cheap labour underpins the economy's competitiveness, yet they are largely excluded from the growing wealth it has produced. Yet now these are the people who have taken down the Masters of the Universe, put out the lights in Manhattan investment banks, and helped put Treasury Secretary Henry Paulson on his knees in the corridors of Congress begging for help from Democrat leader Nancy Pelosi to get his $700 billion bank rescue package passed. Because, in the past five years, these so-called Ninjas (No income, no jobs, no assets) were offered the chance to buy a home and live the American Dream, no money down. And hardly believing it was possible, they took it.

A trillion dollars ? I'll take it!


According to a paper by Carmen Reinhart of the University of Maryland and Kenneth Rogoff of Harvard, a trillion dollars in mortgage loans was offered to the lowest-rated subprime borrowers in the last few years. But the trillion-dollar dream was about to become a nightmare. The average earnings of the poorest fifth of Americans were $19,178 (£10,700) in 2007, just 40% of the US average, and the majority subsist on welfare alone. Such crazy loans were only possible because the companies offering them were acting on commission, passing on the mortgage agreements to others who on a wave of easy credit failed to check the quality of the loans they were funding. As we all know, these loans have gone "toxic", but because they were knitted by Wall Street wizards into intractably complex mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities it is very hard to put a value on them, even as they are unravelling within the vaults of banks around the world.

A seismic blow to the global financial system


This seismic blow to the global financial industry has led to a wave of bank failures, nationalisations, state-funded rescues and even currency crises from Germany to Iceland, and from South Korea right to the doors of the Capitol Building in Washington itself. However, the reverberations go deeper still, because the financial position of the United States itself is not so very much better than the very subprime borrowers who were at the root of the crisis.

Big economy, but bigger debts


Certainly, the US has world-beating companies, vast manufacturing industries and a giant services sector, which produced a national income (GDP) of $14 trillion last year. Yet it owes almost five times that in government promises to its own citizens in terms of education, healthcare and retirement-linked benefits. That is $67 trillion, a figure that has ballooned from $29 trillion in 2000. "No goose was ever so golden as the US economy, but that doesn't mean it's immortal," wrote Jim Grant, publisher of Grant's Interest Rate Monitor.

Even the debt clock can't keep up


While the economy has grown around 5% a year over the last seven years, government spending promises have grown 13% a year. Indeed, the National Debt Clock in New York, which since 1989 has recorded the amount owed by the state, in October ran out of digits to keep track of it. Government debt is quite separate from the debts of American individuals and companies. They have been splurging on Asian-made goods, but the packed container ships traversing the Pacific to the US have been returning empty. Money has been pouring year after year into the coffers of China, Japan and other Asian nations, as well as the oil exporters of the Middle East. In 2007, the US ran up a balance of payments deficit of £739 billion, 5% of its GDP. It's been doing so for year after year.

A Himalaya of cash


These trade creditors have in turn lent back this Himalaya of cash, $5.2 trillion since 2000. Much of it has gone to the US government in exchange for Treasury bills. The rest has been invested in other dollar-denominated investments. This infusion helped fill the budget gap, and for years stopped the dollar from undergoing the necessary weakening to restore the American competitive trading position. This is also the money that funded the easy credit that inflated the US housing bubble, and this is the borrowing which the US economy, even with all the bailouts planned by the government, will struggle to service and repay. Whether you are a disabled single mother living in a trailer park in Mississippi, or the world's greatest economy, the basic strategy for getting rid of debt is the same. You spend less, you earn more, and use the difference to work off the borrowing over an extended period.


For US consumers and employees this is already tough, and it's going to get tougher. They have seen the value of their homes plummet and not all of them can afford their mortgages. They are already spending less, driving less and have cut back on fresh borrowing. Many more will lose their jobs. Their taxes are unlikely to fall, because the government has its own debts to look after. For the same reason, future promises in Medicare, Medicaid and retirement benefits may be broken. That's also going to be true of the occupational pension plans whose ultimate value depends on the stock market. Even if all goes smoothly, it is going to take many years to get over this binge. While Americans tighten their belts, China and other Asian countries will continue to grow, albeit at a slower rate. When western consumers falter in consumption, the burgeoning middle classes in these emerging nations will step in, buoyed by their own prudent savings. This eclipsing of American power will mean curtailed foreign policy ambitions too. "What we are witnessing today is how empires end," lamented right-wing commentator Pat Buchanan. "The Last Superpower is unable to defend its borders, protect its currency, win its wars or balance its budget. Medicare and Social Security are headed for the cliff with unfunded liabilities in the tens of trillions of dollars," he wrote last month.

The most important economy, for now...


The US economy is still going to be the most important in the world, for years to come if not decades. But it will have to become leaner, less dependent on borrowing both at home and abroad, and more austere. Whether that's just a recession or a 1930s-style slump, no-one yet knows. But we now know one thing for certain. The myth of American invulnerability has been well and truly broken. The homeless of New Orleans already knew that. Now, after this financial maelstrom, the rest of the world does too.

By Nick Louth, exclusive to MSN October 09 2008

 

So there you have it - we the british taxpayers some of whom are lucky enough to have small bank accounts are bailing out the american economy - The time has come, now that we see that the 'american dream' is in fact a nightmare, that we should accept that we are Europeans and stop the churchillian fantasy of becoming another plastic state of the union.

  

THE NEW WORLD

 

 

 

  Gone are the days when you were told
life isn't what your eyes behold
the new world has new demands
money and status is what everyone asks
it dont matter what the books say
and no matter what the elders tell
without money life is not life, but hell
bank balance is the new id
status assures a high society
cash is what people long to see
account holders is what all throng to be
who cares to earn respect
and who needs a clean soul
when money has the power
to buy them all
with money you can tell the world
what it is and what its not
money is the power
money is god
there is just one thing that suits the eye
for which people will kill, people will die
for money they worship Thor
for money countries go to war
for money they kill their brothers
for money they hurt their mothers
for money they will laugh
for money they will slaughter
for money they will cry
for money they will sell their daughter
this new world can't be changed
no matter what
money is, money was
and money shall remain to be god
all that you can do is just hold on
and watch as the show goes on

Khizr Atiq

flight of fancy

Planning has always been part of my psyche whether as a child saving for Christmas or for the annual summer holiday's spending money. I can remember two off the cuff decisions I made, both of which ended in disaster! Maybe there were more and I just do not remember but once I had made the decision to fly to Jersey, the largest of the Channel Islands, it needed a plan!  

I could have booked all the elements of the trip on the internet I suppose but decided to go to the experts.

I explained at the travel agency that I had never flown before and that I wanted a flight from the nearest airport and a hotel on the island for 3 days in September. Now I should have realised she was less than competent when she found a flight to the island from Birmingham which happens to be 50 miles west of here, I politely asked about departures from East Midlands, a mere 10 miles journey! I mentioned a couple of hotel chains with whom I had stayed in the past but they did not have any vacancies. After several phone calls and references to her colleague she had a flight and a hotel booked. I asked how far it was from Jersey airport to St Helier and following another call I was reassured that it was only a 15 minute taxi ride. After further enquiries I also had travel insurance. I never did understand why she gave me a brochure for coaching holidays in Europe. 

About 10 days before the due departure date, in October, I was informed all the paperwork was at the agency, which coincidentally is close by my local supermarket. After shopping I called in for the detailed confirmation. Whilst going through all the details it was mentioned that I had not booked a transfer at the other end. I again mentioned that this was my first experience of air travel and that her colleague had not filled me with any confidence as to her efficiency. Apparently she had left after only a month in post - maybe I was the last straw!!

Four days before my departure I looked at the weather forecast for Jersey and as I think I mentioned in the earlier blog the forecast was for rain. On the Saturday afternoon I packed the suitcase, and umbrella, and in the evening watched Leeds beat St Helens in the Rugby League Grand Final. Sunday morning was cold and the skies were heavy with grey rainclouds. I arrived at the airport where I was informed the departure time had been delayed by an hour, or so. Sitting in the great barn of the airport reception hall for over an hour does not play too well on your nerves - believe me! I began reading a book I had by chance included in my shoulder bag. At 11.30 I queued for my ticket and left the suitcase to the vagaries of the baggage handling staff, dispelling the grim tales relayed to me by more experienced flyers! The security check came next - both I and my belongings passed through the electronic gubbins without any alarm!  I continued to read my book - an Inspector Morse story by Colin Dexter, sitting close to Gate 10. At 12.30 we were shepherded though the departure gate, where for about the 3rd time my passport and ticket were checked, and onto a shuttle bus that took us to the 737 'ice ice baby' I found my allocated seat was next to a window. Soon we were trundling along the bumpy runway and were airborne, flying through grey clouds, until at 20,000 feet we emerged into sunlight. The total journey time is only 55 minutes, [OK but remember this was my first time], so we were soon descending to land on Jersey. The booked taxi whisked me away to the hotel, through heavy rain. Room 104 was, shall we say adequate, lone travellers will understand the true meaning of 'adequate.' I had booked an evening meal for 7; I was feeling quite peckish by that time and stopped in the bar for a glass of malt. The meal I chose reinforced the fact that no one outside Yorkshire can cook roast beef, Yorkshire puddings and roast potatoes! 

Monday I walked into St Helier, 15 minutes if you are under 30 and 20 minutes if you are my age!! I did some window shopping until my aged umbrella fell apart! I spent a couple of hours in the museum which was interesting and had a pleasant meal in the museum resteraunt. The hotel cook could learn a thing or two there! Tuesday I finished the book waiting for the rain to stop. The evening meal was a little better than Sunday's.

Wednesday morning and it was an early breakfast, taxi to the airport and a 50 minute flight back to the midlands. This time I could see the patchwork pattern of the field's below as we passed over southern England at about 25000 feet. We landed at 13.30 and I was in my kitchen 30 minutes later enjoying a coffee.

Final comment: I will fly again - maybe a little farther - maybe next year? Who knows? 

Before time was . . . .

 

 

 

Before time was, there was The One;
The One was all, and all was The One.


And the vast expanse known as the universe was The One,
all wise, all pervading, all powerful, eternally changing.
And space moved. The One moulded energy into twin forms,
equal but opposite, fashioning the Goddess and God
from The One and of The One.


The Goddess and God stretched and gave thanks to The One,
but darkness surrounded them.
They were alone, solitary save for The One.
So they formed energy into gases and gases into suns
and planets and moons; they sprinkled the universe with whirling
globes and so all was given shape by the hands of the Goddess and God.


Light arose and the sky was illuminated by a billion suns.
The Goddess and God, satisfied by their works,
rejoiced and loved, and were one.
From their union sprang the seeds of all life,
and the human race so that we might achieve incarnation upon the Earth.


The Goddess chose the Moon as her symbol,
and the God the Sun as his, to remind the inhabitants of Earth of their creators.


All are born, live, die and are reborn beneath the Moon and Sun;
All things come to pass there under, and all occurs
with the blessings of The One, the Goddess and God,
as has been the way of existence since before time was.


******


The Standing Stones Book of Shadows

 Scott Cunningham